Connect with us

HOME IMPROVEMENT

Defiant Amp & Dangerous: The Girl Gangs of ’70s Japan

Published

on

sukeban

Obedience, modesty, courtesy — for centuries, these were the expectations for women in Japan. Under immense societal pressure, Japanese women were expected to serve as dutiful wives, to work on their family’s farms, and to singlehandedly manage the domestic sphere. But with the arrival of World War II, Japanese women first began to challenge these traditional gender roles, as a slow trickle of women made their way into the male-dominated industrial workforce. Still, despite this progress, the reality of equality remained grim for a lengthy period — Japanese culture remained disapproving of working women, wages for women were far less than their male counterparts, and women continued to lack basic rights, including the right to vote. Ironically, while they were oppressed in their daily lives, Japan’s wartime propaganda machine used women as glowing symbols of national pride, hope, and beauty. Propaganda made it clear: the ideal Japanese woman was still a stark supporter of the state and of her husband.

It’s no surprise, then, that the 1950s and ‘60s were marked by a plethora of women’s and social justice movements, which bucked against the oppressive systems that had long permeated Japanese society. Women made their way to the forefront of the political sphere, leading movements to abolish institutions like the prostitution system implemented by the Japanese ruling elite and influence government policies in favor of the lower classes.

But most fascinating was the formation of legions of sukeban, which loosely translates to “girl gang” — a movement born in the flames of defiance and independence, in a flurry of combat boots and organized crime. These gangs of teenage girls were a formidable force in postwar Japan, with the sole purpose of challenging the traditional sexualization and oppression of women that had historically defined Japanese society

Brandishing katanas and tucking razor blades under their skirts, sukeban followed a strict hierarchy and moral code. Violations of hierarchical rules, such as displays of disrespect towards fellow gang members, resulted in punishments, including cigarette burns and public beatings.

The sukeban movement is most noted for its fashion. Through their personal styles, sukeban challenged traditional gendered stereotypes — their long black skirts, for example, contrasted the traditional short white garments of Japanese schoolgirls and were an outlet for self-expression and defiance. Weapons such as razor blades and swords were hidden under these skirts as a means of both self-protection and a statement of power, fashion, and revolution. Converse sneakers, long-permed hair, dark red neck scarves, customized skirts with embroidered anarchic messages, and pencil-thin eyebrows were also favored among gang members.

According to Alicia Kozma, author of Pinky Violence: Shock, Awe and the Exploitation of Sexual Liberation, sukeban have fashioned a unique legacy, becoming “representations for the social, cultural, and political dichotomies that Japanese society was experiencing at the time.” In addition, Kozma writes, the sukeban style of “behaving badly” inspired many Japanese women: “Seeing this type of resistance to those expectations is thrilling for most and cathartic for many.”

With their outrageous fashion choices and criminal behavior, sukeban directly challenged the notion of the ideal Japanese woman, proving that Japanese women are indeed more than just objects to be exploited by the Japanese government. Because of their involvement in organized crime, sukeban were considered a threat to not only the traditional Japanese woman but to the whole of Japanese society. By the 1970s, major cities like Tokyo were filled with girl gangs sporting neon permed hair. The largest sukeban gang, Kanto Women Delinquent Alliance, was rumored to have 20,000 members, effectively making them the largest gang in Japanese history. Sukeban participated in petty crimes like shoplifting, while also dabbling in more serious crime, like break-ins and public conflicts. One particular Sukeban, K-Ko the Razor, commanded a private army of 50 women warriors and was revered for her cruel fighting methods — she was known for slashing an enemy’s face using a sharp razor blade she kept hidden between her breasts.

The cultural impact of sukeban has extended far beyond the Japan of the 1960s and ‘70s. The United States, for example, was first exposed to sukeban style in the form of the iconic character Gogo Yubari from Quentin Tarantino’s 2003 cult film, Kill Bill. Sporting a dark black uniform, a rebellious and criminal streak, and brandishing a silver chain mace, Yobari pays homage to sukeban and their criminal crusades.

Modern Japanese gothic fashion movements, including the dark harajuku fashion trend, also bear striking resemblances to the sukeban movement. With its dark pleated skirts, exaggerated makeup, blood-red lips, and neon-dyed hair, the dark harajuku movement, which aims to address the deteriorating mental health of many young people in Japan, borrows much of its style and iconography from sukeban. In addition to dark harajuku, the Yankii movement is a striking modern example of the reaches of sukeban into the twenty first century. A youth culture based upon embracing class distinctions, Yankii members embrace the punk movement. Rock n’ roll music accompanies the red and blonde dyedhair and the kanji-embroidered long jackets of Yankii members, a not-so-subtle nod to the bold fashion choices of the sukeban movement. Though Yankii members prefer intimidation over physical violence, they ultimately embrace the same ideals of their sukeban predecessors — a sense of community is of utmost importance to these young rebels.

The dark harajuku and the Yankii movements are modern evidence that sukeban continue to inspire modern movements of young people to address social stigmas and fight oppression The reign of sukeban may be over, but their struggle and mission lives on in the countless Japanese rebel punks who are continuing the fight against injustice.

Continue Reading

HOME IMPROVEMENT

Knowing the Right Amount of Concrete Supplies for Your Home Improvement Project

Published

on

Concrete Supplies

Are you ready to begin your home improvement project to focus on your garden area? If so, then you have to choose the right type of concrete supplies that you need. Note that this will depend on the specific requirements and desired outcomes of the project you are planning to do. Selecting high-quality materials will ensure durability and enhance the overall aesthetics of your garden space.

Identify the Type of Project

If you are yet to decide what type of home improvement you are going to endeavour, the most important thing is to determine your structural needs. These include the foundations, driveways, or retaining walls wherein you will need strong and durable concrete.

For aesthetic enhancements, however, you may consider decorative elements that will focus on concrete that is either coloured or stamped. But there are also special features that you may want to consider in addition to your established plan. So, you may need specialty mixes to get the job done.

Determine the Concrete Mix

There are different levels of concrete mixes that are available for different needs. So, if you are using it for structural projects, you may consider a standard or general-purpose mix. For load-bearing structures like columns or foundations, you may need high-strength concrete to cater to your particular needs.

You may also consider lightweight concrete if you are considering a non-structural project like insulation layers or decorative panels. Choices of pigments or aggregates are also great to attain an attractive finish. Apart from all that, you may also consider quick-set concrete if you are going to do small or time-sensitive projects like post holes.

Additives and Reinforcements

Some projects may require the addition of fibres to add some extra tensile strength to reduce cracking. Thus, you will need a fibre-reinforced concrete for that matter. You may also enhance properties like setting time, resistance to freezing and thawing, or setting time if you prefer. There are also reinforcement options if you like with the use of a rebar or wire mesh for a project that will need additional structural support.

Measure the Quantity

You need to calculate different factors to come up with the overall quantity that you need for your project. That said, measure the dimensions and thickness of the area to estimate the volume of concrete that you require. Concrete suppliers are more than happy to convert these measurements into the needed amount of bags or cubic metres.

Choose the Right Supplier

When it comes to concrete supplies, it is important that you know who is going to supply for your needs. Familiarity with the supplier can help you estimate the budget and trust that they are able to deliver as expected. So, if you opt for ready-to-use concrete, a pre-mixed concrete can be used for large projects to ensure consistency. You may also consider bagged concrete mixes that are suitable for do-it-yourself projects. They are also easy to mix on-site that should be more suitable if you desire to have them mixed in your presence.

Continue Reading

HOME IMPROVEMENT

Why Hiring Professionals for Metal Roof Repairs Saves Time and Money

Published

on

Metal Roof Repairs

Metal roofs are known for their durability, longevity, and resistance to adverse weather conditions. However, even the most robust roofs can experience wear and tear, leading to necessary repairs. Homeowners faced with the task of managing these repairs often contemplate whether to tackle the job themselves or hire professionals. While DIY efforts might seem cost-effective initially, hiring professionals for metal roof repairs can actually save time and money in the long run.

Understanding the Complexity of Metal Roof Repairs

Repairing a metal roof is not as straightforward as it appears. While minor issues may seem manageable to a skilled DIYer, many aspects of the repair process involve intricate details that demand specialized knowledge. Factors such as the type of metal, the roofing system design, and existing weather conditions all play crucial roles in determining the right repair approach. For instance, metal roofs can be made from a variety of materials, including steel, aluminum, and copper, each requiring specific repair techniques. Additionally, depending on the age and installation method, various metal roofs could have different fastening systems in place. A lack of expertise can lead to mistakes that exacerbate existing problems, potentially resulting in costly repairs down the line. Thus, seeking help from experts ensures that issues are diagnosed correctly and effectively resolved on the first attempt.

The Financial Implications of DIY Repairs

The initial allure of trying to fix a metal roof yourself can be fueled by the potential to save money on labor costs. However, these supposed savings can swiftly evaporate. Indeed, many homeowners who opt for DIY repairs can end up spending significantly more than they would have if they had hired professionals. Errors during the repair process can range from improper sealing of flashing to incorrect installation of panels, leading to leaks and further deterioration. This opens up the possibility of extensive damage that compromises the safety of your home. In fact, according to a report from the National Association of the Remodeling Industry, a botched roofing project can cost homeowners up to three times more than the cost of hiring a qualified contractor right from the start. The expertise offered by professionals enables them to identify underlying problems that may not be immediately apparent to the untrained eye. Their keen attention to detail prevents small issues from growing into significant, budget-breaking repairs. Entrusting repairs to professionals ensures your investment is protected and minimizes the risk of future financial strain.

The Benefits of Professional Expertise

Engaging experts for metal roof repairs also brings added benefits in terms of warranty and insurance. Many professional roofing contractors offer warranties on their work, providing peace of mind that the job will be done right. This means that if any issues arise post-repair, the contractor is responsible for rectifying them at no additional cost. Specialists in professional roofing in Denver advise looking for experienced local roofing companies, as they ensure compliance with local codes and regulations, which can protect homeowners from potential legal issues related to improper work. Investing in local professional roofing services can secure the longevity of your roof, ensuring it serves you well for years to come. Quality workmanship and the right materials can reduce the likelihood of future repairs, ultimately saving you both time and money.

Efficiency in Repair Time

Time is a valuable currency, particularly for homeowners juggling various responsibilities. When you face a metal roof repair, the process can be both time-consuming and overwhelming. Professional roofers bring both experience and efficiency to the table, often completing jobs significantly faster than an untrained individual attempting the same work. An experienced roofing crew can assess the situation quickly, implement the necessary repairs, and prevent further damage through timely intervention. Many professionals also have access to advanced equipment and techniques that allow them to repair roofs more effectively and safely. This translates into fewer delays and reduced downtime, allowing homeowners to return to their regular routines sooner. For example, a professional roofing team can often move swiftly through phases such as inspection, repair, and final quality checks, ensuring each step is executed correctly. Enlisting the help of experts can save you several hours or even days of work, particularly if the issue is

Safety Considerations

Roof repairs can be hazardous, especially when it involves climbing onto steep or high structures. Professionals are trained to navigate these dangers and come equipped with safety gear to reduce the risk of accidents. Homeowners attempting repairs themselves can put themselves and others at risk without the proper training and equipment. Investing in professional services ensures that repairs are conducted safely, complying with safety regulations and standards.

Long-Term Value and Investment

Hiring professionals for metal roof repairs should be viewed as an investment. Although it may require a higher upfront cost, the benefits of long-lasting repairs and peace of mind outweigh this initial expenditure. A well-maintained roof can enhance property value, contributing to better resale potential. Moreover, solid repairs can prevent future expenses, protecting one of the most significant investments—your home. The long-term value of hiring professionals far surpasses the seemingly lower costs associated with DIY attempts.

Metal Roof Repairs

The decision to hire professionals for metal roof repairs is backed by numerous advantages, including efficiency, cost savings, safety, and long-term investment value. The expertise and reliability of professional roofing services ensure that repairs are carried out correctly and safely, preserving the home’s integrity and enhancing its value. By choosing to invest in professional services, homeowners are ultimately making a wise choice for both their property and their peace of mind.

Continue Reading

HOME IMPROVEMENT

Why Skipping Roof Underlayment Can Lead to Expensive Repairs

Published

on

Why Skipping Roof Underlayment Can Lead to Expensive Repairs

The importance of roof underlayment in the roofing process cannot be overstated. It serves several vital functions in protecting a home from the elements. Underlayment is an additional barrier against moisture, wind, and other destructive forces. Not installing this crucial layer exposes homeowners to various potential problems, including water damage and structural issues. Understanding the risks of skipping this essential roofing component can save homeowners considerable money in repairs.

Underlayment

What is Roof Underlayment?

Roof underlayment is a protective membrane installed directly underneath roofing materials, acting as a secondary line of defense against moisture intrusion. Depending on the material, it can come in various forms, such as felt paper, synthetic sheets, or rubberized asphalt. Each type has advantages, contributing to its performance under specific weather conditions. For instance, synthetic underlayment is often preferred for its lightweight yet durable properties, making it easier to install without sacrificing protection. Depending on your local climate and roofing style, a professional roofer can help you find the most suitable materials. So, go now and reach out to local experts to ensure you make an informed decision. Selecting the right underlayment type for your roofing system is crucial to ensure optimal safety.

Potential Damages from Skipping Underlayment

Neglecting roof underlayment can lead to a cascade of problems that could endanger the structure of your home. Without this protective layer, water can seep through the roofing material, leading to leaks and damage to the underlying wooden structures. Over time, this moisture can foster mold growth, compromising the air quality inside your home. Additionally, water intrusion can weaken structural elements, increasing the risk of costly repairs. In fact, according to the National Roofing Contractors Association, water damage can account for nearly 50% of all roofing repairs. Homeowners placing their property at significant risk by forgoing underlayment may face expensive insurance claims or extensive renovations.

  • Cost Implications of Poor Roofing Choices

The financial ramifications of poor roofing choices can be staggering. While opting not to install underlayment may save money initially, the long-term costs of repairs can quickly surpass any initial savings. Moreover, home insurance policies may not cover subsequent water damage claims if underlayment is absent. This lack of coverage means homeowners might pay for repairs out of pocket, leading to unexpected expenses and financial strain. Homeowners must factor in immediate installation costs and the potential long-term implications of roofing decisions. Investing in proper underlayment will likely pay off in fewer repairs and lower insurance premiums. Understanding the cost of roofing materials and installation ensures that budgetary decisions align with long-term property protection.

Long-Term Protection and Maintenance

Proper maintenance significantly extends the life of a roof, and underlayment is no exception. Regular inspections, cleaning, and repairs help ensure the continued effectiveness of the roof and its protective layers. Homeowners should develop a maintenance schedule that pays attention to underlayment, shingles, and flashing conditions. Any signs of wear, tears, or damage should be addressed immediately. Keeping gutters clear and ensuring proper drainage improves the roofing system’s longevity. Long-term protection involves vigilance and proactive measures rather than reactive fixes. Committing to maintenance ultimately preserves both the aesthetics and functionality of the roof.

The Role of Experienced Roofers

Working with experienced roofers is crucial for roofing projects, especially concerning underlayment installation. Skilled professionals have a wealth of knowledge about roofing systems and their requirements. They understand local building codes and can ensure that your roof meets all necessary regulations, which can help prevent future legal issues.

Furthermore, experienced roofers know how to handle different weather conditions, making their insights invaluable in selecting the appropriate materials and techniques. A well-executed roofing installation emphasizes details, ensuring that the underlayment is installed correctly to mitigate risks down the line. By investing in expertise, homeowners can have peace of mind knowing their roofs are built to last.

Tapping into local resources can be immensely beneficial for those contemplating a new roofing installation or upgrades. Many communities offer workshops or seminars about home maintenance that include valuable insights into roofing practices. Home improvement stores have knowledgeable staff who can answer general questions about roofing materials, including underlayment. Additionally, local contractors may provide free estimates or consultations, allowing homeowners to gather crucial information and make informed choices. Engaging with local roofing associations can provide further resources, such as lists of certified contractors and safety regulations. These resources equip homeowners with the knowledge to choose wisely for their roofing needs.

Underlayment

Homeowners often underestimate the importance of roof underlayment, which can lead to negative consequences over time. The potential for water damage and structural issues makes this component vital for ensuring the integrity of a roofing system. Opting for proper underlayment can save significant repair costs in the future, especially when working with local roofing professionals. Understanding the implications of skipping this protective layer and the importance of an experienced roofer can provide significant value to homeowners. By prioritizing quality and expertise in roofing choices, many of the headaches around maintenance and repair can be mitigated.

Continue Reading

Trending